📘 SIMPLE / COMPOUND TO COMPLEX Rules – Step-by-step English Grammar Tutorial (Beginner to Advanced)
Compound To Complex
Rule-1
And যুক্ত Compound Sentence এর একটি clause যদি অন্যটির কারণ বা সময় নির্দেশ করে, তবে উক্ত Compound Sentence টিকে complex sentence এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে নীচের নিয়মটি অনুসরণ করতে হয়:
প্রথম Sentence-এর প্রথমে since/as/when বসে+ প্রথম sentence বসে + and এর পরিবর্তে comma (,) কমা বসে+ দ্বিতীয় Sentence বসে।
বিঃ দ্রঃ- কারণ বুঝালে since /as বসে এবং সময় বুঝালে when বসে। Complex Sentence এর দুটি Clause-এ Subject বসাতে হয়।
Compound: The writer was poor and could not taste caviare.
Complex: Since the writer was poor, he could not taste caviare.
Compound: The dog lay close to him and found a comfort there.
Complex: When the dog lay close to him, it found a comfort there.
Rule-2
প্রথম Clause টি শর্ত বুঝালে Complex Sentence-এ পরিণত করার সময় নিয়মটি হয় নিম্নরুপঃ
প্রথমে if বসে+ Subject বসে+ প্রদত্ত প্রথম Clause টি বসে + comma (.) কমা বসে+ অপর clause টি বসে।
Compound: Work hard and you will shine in life.
Complex: If you work hard, you will shine in life.
Rule-3
But যুক্ত Compound Sentence কে Complex Sentence এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়মঃ
প্রথম Sentence এর প্রথমে Though/Although বসে + প্রথম Sentence বসে + but এর পরিবর্তে comma (,) বসে+ দ্বিতীয় Sentence টি বসে।
বিঃ দ্রঃ- Complex Sentence এর দুটি clause-এই Subject বসাতে হয়।
Compound: He ran fast but could not get the train.
Complex: Though he ran fast, he could not get the train.
Rule-4
or যুক্ত Compound Sentence কে Complex Sentence এ পরিণত করতে হলে নীচের নিয়মটি অনুসরণ করতে হয়ঃ
প্রথমে if বসে + Subject বসে+ donot বসে+ প্রদত্ত প্রথম clause টি বসে. + comma (,) বসে + দ্বিতীয় clause টি বসে।
Compound: Work hard or you cannot prosper in life.
Complex: If you donot work hard, you cannot prosper in life.
Compound: Move or you will die.
Complex: If you donot move, you will die.
✅ Simple to Complex
Master These Key Conversions to Improve Your Grammar Skills!
🔹 Rule 1: Present Participle (verb+ing)
Use: when/as/since + subject + verb
Tip: Use when for time, since/as for cause.
Example:
🟢 Simple: Closing the door, I went back to work.
🔵 Complex: When I closed the door, I went back to work.
🔹 Rule 2: Being-যুক্ত Sentence
Use: since/as/when + subject + verb
Example:
🟢 Simple: Being poor, Jim could not buy a chain.
🔵 Complex: Since Jim was poor, he could not buy a chain.
🔹 Rule 3: Too...to Structure
Use: so + adjective + that + subject + can/could not + verb
Example:
🟢 Simple: He is too weak to move.
🔵 Complex: He is so weak that he cannot move.
🔹 Rule 4: To + verb Express Purpose
Use: so that + subject + may/can/might/could + verb
Example:
🟢 Simple: He works hard to shine in life.
🔵 Complex: He works hard so that he may shine in life.
🔹 Rule 5: Inspite of / Despite
Use: though/although + subject + verb
Example:
🟢 Simple: Inspite of his being healthy, he is lazy.
🔵 Complex: Though he is healthy, he is lazy.
🔹 Rule 6: Because of
Use: since + subject + verb
Example:
🟢 Simple: Because of my illness, I could not join the meeting.
🔵 Complex: Since I was ill, I could not join the meeting.
🔹 Rule 7: Present Participle with Object
Use: that/when + subject + be verb + verb-ing
Example:
🟢 Simple: I saw him reading.
🔵 Complex: I saw that he was reading.
🔹 Rule 8: Adjective + Noun
Use (for noun): noun + who/which + be verb + adjective
Use (for subject): It is + subject + who/which + verb + adjective
Example:
🟢 Simple: I saw a lame man.
🔵 Complex: I saw a man who was lame.
🟢 Simple: He is a good student.
🔵 Complex: It is he who is a good student.
🧪 Practice Exercise: Convert These to Complex
- Standing by the window, Della looked out.
- Jumping into a cab, she cried gaily.
- Entering the classroom, the teacher found the boys gossiping.
- Running fast, the boy got the first prize.
- Taking exercise regularly, he built good health.
- The marriage ceremony being over, the guests were going to the feast.
- The load being very heavy, he cannot carry it.
- Having forgotten him, I went outside the cabin.
- The sun having set, we reached home.
- The sun having risen, the fog dispersed.
- He is too weak to move.
- The gifts are too nice to be used just at present.